Recipe Manuscript

To Make a Calf's Head Hash

1690

From the treasured pages of Various Cookeries

Unknown Author

To Make a Calf's Head Hash
Original Recipe • 1690
Original Manuscript(circa Renaissance, 1400 - 1700)
As inscribed by the original author's hand, transcribed with care by Lost Kitchen Scrolls

To Make a Calf's Head Hash

"Take Calves Heads boil 'em lightly & cut 'em in thin Slices, & set 'em on to Stew in Water & strong broth with a Bunch of Herbs & an Onion stuck with Mace & Cloves, When 'tis half enough a Gill of Whitewine an Anchovy a little Lemon peel shred, Nutmegg a little salt, when 'tis almost enough take out the Herbs & Onion then beat the Yolks of two Eggs with a little broth Savoury balls fried stirr all these together three Quarters of a pound of Butter dish it up with sippets about & Garnish your Dish with pickles & Lemon peel make little Cakes of 'em with the Brains. How to order the brains. Take 'em up & cleanse 'em bruise 'em well & mix 'em with two or three Eggs Lemon peel savoury herbs salt & Nutmeg a little fine flour, be sure you make it not too thin when your pan & Butter is hott drop 'em in & fry 'em brown"

Note on the Original Text

The recipe, like most from the 17th century, is written as a stream-of-consciousness guide for experienced cooks rather than a prescriptive, step-by-step method. Proportions are often vague or missing, with quantities inferred from context or left to the discretion of the cook—hence, 'a Gill of Whitewine' or 'a little Lemon peel.' Spellings can be unfamiliar (e.g., 'Calv's', 'sippets', 'savoury balls') and punctuation is sparse. Instructions blend ingredients and actions fluidly. Recipes expected a confident hand, assuming the cook understood commonplace terminology and boiling, stewing, frying techniques.

Recipe's Origin
Various Cookeries - Click to view recipe in book

Title

Various Cookeries (1690)

You can also click the book image above to peruse the original tome

Writer

Unknown

Era

1690

Publisher

Unknown

Background

A delightful glimpse into late 17th-century kitchens, this book brims with recipes, methods, and culinary wisdom passed down through generations, capturing the essence of historical gastronomy.

Kindly made available by

Folger Shakespeare Library
Historical Background of the Recipe
Learn about old traditions
Historical kitchen setting

This rich and elaborate recipe hails from the late 1600s, a time when English households prized nose-to-tail cookery and no part of a valuable animal went to waste. A dish like calf’s head hash would appear on the table of well-off families during festive meals or banquets, demonstrating both culinary skill and social status. The layering of flavors—wine, anchovy, herbs, and spices—reflects the growing influence of Continental tastes on English kitchens during this period. The use of sippets, or toasted bread, to catch the sauce was typical of the era before the common use of forks, and the inclusion of fried brain cakes showcases sophisticated techniques and a taste for textural variety.

Culinary Tools when the Recipe was Crafted
Tools and techniques from kitchens of old
Historical culinary tools

A large cauldron or kettle was used for boiling the calf’s head, while a heavy stewpot or posset pan would suit the stewing phase. Cooks would employ a sharp knife for slicing meat and a mortar and pestle for pounding spices. Candlenut or hardwood spatulas turned the frying brain cakes in a wrought-iron pan, and sieves clarified the broth. Hand-whisked egg yolks and hand-sliced sippets completed the dish, and the array would be artfully arranged on a large pewter or earthenware platter. The cook might have a chopping bench, cleaver, and trussing needles as part of their culinary arsenal.

Modern Kitchen Adaptation
Ingredients and techniques for today's cooks
ounces, cups, Fahrenheit

Prep Time

30 mins

Cook Time

2 hrs

Servings

8

We've done our best to adapt this historical recipe for modern kitchens, but some details may still need refinement. We warmly welcome feedback from fellow cooks and culinary historians — your insights support the entire community!

Ingredients

  • 1 whole calf’s head or 3 1/4 lbs veal cheek and tongue (substitute as needed)
  • 1 quart water
  • 2 cups strong beef broth
  • 1 bouquet garni (thyme, parsley, bay leaf)
  • 1 onion
  • 4-5 whole cloves
  • 2 blades of mace (or 1/2 tsp ground mace)
  • 1/2 cup dry white wine
  • 1 anchovy (or 2 tsp anchovy paste)
  • 1 tsp lemon peel, finely shredded
  • 1/2 tsp freshly grated nutmeg
  • Salt, to taste
  • 2 egg yolks
  • Handful savoury meatballs (optional, about 3 1/2 oz seasoned meat mixture, fried)
  • 12 oz unsalted butter
  • Toasted bread slices (sippets), about 8-10
  • Assorted pickles and extra lemon peel for garnish
  • 7 oz brains (ideally calf, or substitute pig or lamb brains)
  • 2-3 eggs
  • 1 tsp lemon peel, finely shredded
  • 1 tbsp chopped fresh savoury herbs (parsley, thyme, marjoram)
  • Salt, to taste
  • 1/2 tsp ground nutmeg
  • 2 tbsp fine flour
  • 2 oz butter for frying brain cakes

Instructions

  1. Begin by boiling 1 whole calf’s head (or substitute with 3 1/4 lbs veal cheek and tongue) gently in water until partially cooked.
  2. Slice the meat thinly and place in a pot with about 1 quart water, 2 cups rich beef broth, 1 bouquet garni (a bunch of fresh thyme, parsley, and bay leaf), and 1 onion studded with a few cloves and 2 pieces of mace.
  3. Once half-cooked, add 1/2 cup dry white wine, 1 mashed anchovy or 2 teaspoons anchovy paste, 1 teaspoon grated lemon peel, a generous grating of nutmeg, and salt to taste.
  4. When nearly done, remove herbs and onion.
  5. Beat 2 egg yolks with a ladleful of broth and mix in a handful of small savoury meatballs (optional), then stir into the stew with 12 oz (three-quarters of a pound) butter.
  6. To serve, arrange triangles of toasted bread (sippets) around the dish.
  7. Garnish with pickles and lemon peel.
  8. For the brains, parboil, clean, and mash the brains of the calf (substitute: 7 oz pig’s or lamb’s brains if unavailable).
  9. Mix with 2-3 eggs, 1 teaspoon grated lemon peel, chopped fresh savoury herbs, salt, nutmeg, and 2 tablespoons fine flour.
  10. Fry spoonfuls of this mixture in hot butter until golden cakes form.
  11. Place these cakes around the main hash or serve as an accompaniment.

Estimated Calories

600 per serving

Cooking Estimates

It takes about 30 minutes to prepare the ingredients and about 2 hours to cook everything. Each serving is about 600 calories, since the recipe is rich and hearty. This recipe serves 8 people.

As noted above, we have made our best effort to translate and adapt this historical recipe for modern kitchens, taking into account ingredients nowadays, cooking techniques, measurements, and so on. However, historical recipes often contain assumptions that require interpretation.

We'd love for anyone to help improve these adaptations. Community contributions are highly welcome. If you have suggestions, corrections, or cooking tips based on your experience with this recipe, please share them below.

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