سكباج تنوري
"Tannuri Sekbaj"
From the treasured pages of Kitāb al-ṭabīkh
Written by Ibn al-Karīm, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan

سكباج تنوري
"هذا يعمل بان يقطع اللحم ويلقى في القدر. ويجعل معه الأبازير والتوابل. ويحل الدبس بالخل. و يصبغ ذلك جميعه بالزعفران. ثم يعدل ملحها وتحط في التنور مغطاة الرأس من اول الليل الى بكرة. ثم ترفع."
English Translation
"This is made by cutting the meat and placing it in a pot. Spices and seasonings are added. Date syrup is diluted with vinegar. All of this is colored with saffron. Then its salt is adjusted, and it is placed in the tannur (oven) covered from the head (top) from the beginning of the night until morning. Then it is removed."
Note on the Original Text
The recipe is presented in typical medieval Arabic style: concise, sometimes omitting quantities and assuming the reader’s familiarity with basic techniques. Spelling such as 'دبس' refers to grape molasses, and 'تنور' is the clay oven (tannur/tandoor). The directions focus on process over precision, indicative of a culture where cooking knowledge was often transmitted orally or through apprenticeship. The writing style is direct and functional, designed for practiced cooks rather than beginners.

Title
Kitāb al-ṭabīkh (1200)
You can also click the book image above to peruse the original tome
Writer
Ibn al-Karīm, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan
Era
1200
Publisher
Maṭbaʻat Umm al-Rabīʻayn
Background
Step back into the sumptuous kitchens of the medieval Islamic world with this early collection of culinary wisdom. Savor recipes, tips, and gastronomic secrets that once delighted the palates of princes and poets alike.
Kindly made available by
NYU/ American University of Beirut
This savory recipe hails from the kitchens of medieval Mosul, brought to us by Ibn al-Karim in the late 12th to early 13th century. During this period, food was a showcase of both bounty and skilled spicing; cooks often worked overnight to coax deep flavors and tenderize meats. Sukhbach Tanuri typifies the elegant meat-and-sweet-sour balance beloved in the Abbasid-influenced Levant and Mesopotamia. The author’s manuscripts were preserved and later published in the early 20th century, but the core technique and flavor profile reflect life at the turning point between classical and medieval Arab cuisine.

Historically, this dish would have been prepared in heavy clay or metal pots. The primary cooking implement was the tannur, a type of enclosed clay oven heated by woodfire—a fixture in both private homes and communal bakeries. This allowed for slow, steady overnight heat. A pestle and mortar for grinding spices and a ladle or spoon for mixing were also essential to the process.
Prep Time
15 mins
Cook Time
10 hrs
Servings
6
Ingredients
- 2.2 lbs lamb or beef, cut into chunks
- 1 teaspoon black pepper, ground
- 1 teaspoon cinnamon, ground
- 1 teaspoon coriander, ground
- 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves
- 1/4 teaspoon nutmeg, ground
- 3.5 fl oz grape molasses (substitute: pomegranate molasses if unavailable)
- 3.5 fl oz wine vinegar (or white vinegar as substitute)
- 1/4 teaspoon saffron threads, soaked in 2 tablespoons warm water
- 1-2 teaspoons salt (to taste)
Instructions
- To prepare this dish following historical intent, cut about 2.2 lbs of lamb (or beef) into chunks and place them in a large ovenproof pot.
- Add your favorite spice blend—think a teaspoon each of black pepper, cinnamon, coriander, and a generous pinch of ground cloves and nutmeg.
- Pour in 3.5 fl oz grape molasses (dibs), dissolved with 3.5 fl oz wine vinegar.
- Mix in a pinch (about 1/4 teaspoon) of saffron threads dissolved in 2 tablespoons of warm water for color and fragrance.
- Check for salt—start with one teaspoon and adjust to taste.
- Cover the pot tightly with a lid or foil, and bake overnight in a low oven (about 230°F) from evening until morning (8-10 hours).
- Serve hot.
Estimated Calories
400 per serving
Cooking Estimates
Preparing and cutting the meat takes about 15 minutes, and mixing the spices and liquids is quick. Then the dish cooks slowly overnight for best tenderness. Each serving is about 400 calories, and the whole recipe makes 6 servings.
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