Recipe Manuscript

ربيعية

"Rabee'Iyya"

1200

From the treasured pages of Kitāb al-ṭabīkh

Written by Ibn al-Karīm, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan

ربيعية
Original Recipe • 1200
Original Manuscript(circa Medieval, 500 - 1400)
As inscribed by the original author's hand, transcribed with care by Lost Kitchen Scrolls

ربيعية

"( ربيعية ) صنعتها ان يقطع اللحم السمين صغاراً ، وتسلى الألية ويعرق اللحم في الدهن بيسير ملح وكسفرة يابسة مسحوقة ناعماً . ثم اذا تورد اللحم جعل عليه غمره ماء واوراق كسفرة خضراء وعيدان دارصيني منحوتة خفافاً . فاذا غلى رميت رغوته ، والقيت عليه كبب متخذة من اللحم الأحمر المدقوق بالأبازير ناعماً ، وكف حمص منقوعاً مفرداً نصفين ، وكف باقلى اخضر مقشر من قشريه مفرداً ايضاً بنصفين ، ونصف كف عناب ، ويحرك . فاذا نضج القي عليه حسب الحاجة ملح وكمون وفلفل ومصطكى وزنجبيل ، الجميع مدقوقاً ناعماً . ثم يصف عليه عيون البيض . ويرش على رأس القدر يسير ماء ورد ، و يذر عليها قدر درهم دارصيني مسحوقاً ناعماً . وتترك حتى تهدأ على النار ساعة ثم ترفع ."

English Translation

"(Rabee'iyya) is made by cutting fatty meat into small pieces, frying lamb fat, and stirring the meat in the fat with a little salt and finely ground dried coriander. When the meat turns red, cover it with water, add fresh coriander leaves, and a few thinly carved sticks of cinnamon. When it boils, skim off the foam and add meatballs made from red meat pounded finely with spices. Add a handful of soaked chickpeas split in halves, a handful of fresh peeled fava beans also split in halves, and half a handful of jujubes, then stir. When it is cooked, add as needed salt, cumin, pepper, mastic, and ginger, all pounded finely. Then add egg yolks on top, sprinkle the surface with a little rose water, and dust about a dirham's weight of finely ground cinnamon on top. Let it simmer on the fire for an hour before removing."

Note on the Original Text

The recipe is written in a narrative, almost poetic style common to medieval Arabic cookbooks. Quantities are approximate or measured by the handful, with an expectation of the cook’s practiced intuition. Ingredient names use regional terms from the medieval Iraqi dialect, and spices like 'مصطكى' (mastic) are mentioned without further description, assuming the reader’s familiarity. The process and sequence reflect the oral tradition, with instructions flowing in the order the cook would complete them, and with variations possible according to availability—a style that invites adaptation yet preserves the intended spirit and flavors.

Recipe's Origin
Kitāb al-ṭabīkh - Click to view recipe in book

Title

Kitāb al-ṭabīkh (1200)

You can also click the book image above to peruse the original tome

Writer

Ibn al-Karīm, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan

Era

1200

Publisher

Maṭbaʻat Umm al-Rabīʻayn

Background

Step back into the sumptuous kitchens of the medieval Islamic world with this early collection of culinary wisdom. Savor recipes, tips, and gastronomic secrets that once delighted the palates of princes and poets alike.

Kindly made available by

NYU/ American University of Beirut
Historical Background of the Recipe
Learn about old traditions
Historical kitchen setting

This vibrant stew comes from the 13th-century Iraqi city of Mosul, a melting pot of culinary cultures at the time. Described by Ibn al-Karīm in his work, this recipe reflects the sophisticated and aromatic cuisine of the medieval Islamic Golden Age, where cooks balanced rich meats, legumes, delicate aromatics, and luxurious finishings like rosewater—even for daily fare. The combination of lamb, aromatic spices, pulses, and fruit exemplifies the period’s taste for subtlety and balance. The layering of flavors—meats, beans, herbs, spices, the perfume of rosewater—shows both the cosmopolitan tastes of medieval Iraqi society and the importance of seasonality, as many of the ingredients would have been at their prime in springtime, hence the name 'Rabi‘iyya,' meaning 'springtime dish.'

Culinary Tools when the Recipe was Crafted
Tools and techniques from kitchens of old
Historical culinary tools

In Ibn al-Karīm’s Mosul, kitchens would have featured sturdy brass or copper cauldrons set over wood or charcoal fires. Meat would be cut with large knives and cleavers, while dried and fresh spices would be crushed with a mortar and pestle. Pulses were soaked in earthenware bowls, and ingredients like mastic and ginger were hand-pounded as needed. Eggs were cracked delicately over the bubbling stew, while rosewater and ground cinnamon were measured by hand and sprinkled right at the end. Serving vessels would likely be glazed pottery bowls or large communal platters, as was customary for banquets and family meals alike.

Modern Kitchen Adaptation
Ingredients and techniques for today's cooks
ounces, cups, Fahrenheit

Prep Time

25 mins

Cook Time

1 hr 45 mins

Servings

6

We've done our best to adapt this historical recipe for modern kitchens, but some details may still need refinement. We warmly welcome feedback from fellow cooks and culinary historians — your insights support the entire community!

Ingredients

  • 1 lb (18 oz) fatty lamb, cut into small cubes
  • 3.5 oz (1/4 cup plus 1 tbsp) lamb tail fat (or 3.5 oz clarified unsalted butter/ghee)
  • 0.2 oz (1 tsp) salt (plus more to taste)
  • 0.07 oz (1 tsp) dried coriander, ground
  • 4 1/4 cups (1 quart) water
  • 1 oz fresh coriander leaves
  • 2 sticks cinnamon (or 0.2 oz ground cinnamon)
  • 5 oz lean lamb, pounded for meatballs
  • Aromatic spice blend for meatballs (e.g., 0.04 oz/1/4 tsp each black pepper, cumin, coriander)
  • 2.8 oz dried chickpeas, soaked overnight and split
  • 2.5 oz fresh fava beans, peeled and halved (or frozen peeled fava beans)
  • 1 oz dried jujube fruits (or dried cherries as substitute)
  • 0.07 oz ground cumin
  • 0.07 oz ground black pepper
  • 0.07 oz ground mastic (if available)
  • 0.07 oz ground ginger
  • 3-4 eggs
  • 0.34 fl oz rosewater (1 tbsp)
  • 0.2 oz ground cinnamon

Instructions

  1. To make this beautiful spring stew known as 'Rabi‘iyya' today, start by cutting about 1 lb (18 oz) of fatty lamb into small cubes.
  2. Render 3.5 oz (1/4 cup plus 1 tbsp) of lamb tail fat (or substitute with unsalted clarified butter if tail fat is unavailable) in a heavy pot over medium heat.
  3. Add the lamb pieces and sauté them gently with a big pinch (about 0.2 oz/1 tsp) of salt and 1 teaspoon (0.07 oz) of ground dried coriander until the meat begins to brown and smells aromatic.
  4. Once the lamb has taken on a good color, add enough water to cover it (about 4 1/4 cups/1 quart).
  5. Toss in a handful of fresh coriander leaves and a couple of thin, whittled sticks or 1 teaspoon of ground cinnamon.
  6. Skim any foam that appears as it simmers.
  7. Meanwhile, prepare some meatballs by pounding 5 oz of lean lamb with a pinch of your favorite aromatic spice blend until smooth, then roll them into small balls.
  8. Add these to the pot along with 1/2 cup (2.8 oz) of soaked split chickpeas, 1/2 cup (2.5 oz) of peeled and halved fava beans (use frozen if fresh are unavailable), and a small handful (about 1 oz) of dried jujubes (substitute with dried cherries if jujubes are not available).
  9. Allow everything to gently simmer until fully cooked.
  10. Adjust seasoning with extra salt, 1/2 teaspoon each of ground cumin, black pepper, mastic (if available), and ginger.
  11. Just before serving, crack 3-4 eggs directly over the stew, drizzle over a tablespoon of rosewater, and dust with 1/2 teaspoon ground cinnamon.
  12. Let it rest, covered, off the heat for an hour before serving to let the flavors meld together.

Estimated Calories

540 per serving

Cooking Estimates

You will need about 25 minutes to prepare the ingredients, such as chopping the lamb and preparing the meatballs. Cooking the stew will take around 1 hour and 45 minutes, including simmering and resting. Each serving has about 540 calories, and the recipe makes 6 servings.

As noted above, we have made our best effort to translate and adapt this historical recipe for modern kitchens, taking into account ingredients nowadays, cooking techniques, measurements, and so on. However, historical recipes often contain assumptions that require interpretation.

We'd love for anyone to help improve these adaptations. Community contributions are highly welcome. If you have suggestions, corrections, or cooking tips based on your experience with this recipe, please share them below.

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