Recipe Manuscript

خضيرية

"Khuḍayriyya"

1200

From the treasured pages of Kitāb al-ṭabīkh

Written by Ibn al-Karīm, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan

خضيرية
Original Recipe • 1200
Original Manuscript(circa Medieval, 500 - 1400)
As inscribed by the original author's hand, transcribed with care by Lost Kitchen Scrolls

خضيرية

"(خضيرية) (١) صنعتها ان يقطع اللحم السمين قطعاً صغاراً ، وتُسلى الألية ويرمى حمها ، و يطرح اللحم في الدهن و يلقى عليه درهم ملح وكسفرة يابسة مسحوقةً ناعماً . ويعرق اللحم حتى يتورد . ثم يجعل عليه غمره ماء وعيدان دارصيني رقاقاً واوراق كسفرة خضراء . ويغلى ساعةً ، ثم يرمى برغوته . ويؤخذ الباقلى الأخضر يقشر من قشريه ويلقى في ماء حار ساعةً حتى تزول رغوته، و يغسل باليد ، و يترك ساعةً حتى ينشف . وتعمل كبب لطاف من لحم احمر مدقوقاً نعماً وتلقى في القدر . ثم يرمى الباقلى بعده بساعة ويحرك . فاذا نضج جعل عليه الكمون والفلفل والزنجبيل والمصطكى، الجميع مسحوقاً ناعماً ويحرك ، ثم يصف على وجه الطبيخ عيون البيض وينثر عليه يسير دارصيني مسحوقاً ناعماً . ويرش على رأس القدر يسير ماء ورد . وتمسح جوانبها بخرقة نظيفة وتترك على نار لينة ساعة وترفع ."

English Translation

"(Khuḍayriyya) (1) It is made by cutting fatty meat into small pieces, melting tail fat and discarding its sediment, then putting the meat in the fat. Add a dirham of salt and finely ground dried coriander. Cook the meat until it turns red. Then add enough water to cover, thin sticks of Chinese cinnamon, and fresh coriander leaves. Boil for an hour, then remove the scum. Take fresh broad beans, peel their two skins, put them in hot water for an hour until their scum disappears, wash them by hand, and leave for an hour to dry. Make small meatballs from finely pounded red meat and add them to the pot. Then, after an hour, add the broad beans and stir. When it is done, add cumin, pepper, ginger, and mastic, all finely ground, and stir. Then arrange egg yolks on the surface of the stew, and sprinkle a little finely ground cinnamon. Drizzle a little rose water on top of the pot. Wipe the sides of the pot with a clean cloth and leave over a gentle fire for an hour, then remove from heat."

Note on the Original Text

The recipe is written in classical Arabic, blending instruction and ingredient list fluidly, as was the norm. There are no strict measurements: quantities are implied and rely on the cook’s familiarity with the dish. Step-by-step instructions unfold narratively, sometimes omitting explicit sequence, trusting the cook’s intuition. Ingredient names such as 'ksafra' for coriander and 'dar sinni' for cinnamon reflect period spelling and usage. The text also presupposes knowledge of basic kitchen processes, like fat-rendering and skimming, that were common knowledge at the time.

Recipe's Origin
Kitāb al-ṭabīkh - Click to view recipe in book

Title

Kitāb al-ṭabīkh (1200)

You can also click the book image above to peruse the original tome

Writer

Ibn al-Karīm, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan

Era

1200

Publisher

Maṭbaʻat Umm al-Rabīʻayn

Background

Step back into the sumptuous kitchens of the medieval Islamic world with this early collection of culinary wisdom. Savor recipes, tips, and gastronomic secrets that once delighted the palates of princes and poets alike.

Kindly made available by

NYU/ American University of Beirut
Historical Background of the Recipe
Learn about old traditions
Historical kitchen setting

This recipe, 'Khadiriya', hails from the medieval Islamic world, specifically from Mosul (al-Mawsil) in what is now Iraq. It's found in a collection attributed to Ibn al-Karim, an author who lived at the turn of the 13th century. In its time, Mosul was a hub of culinary innovation, merging Persian, Arab, and regional influences. Recipes like this one showcase complex layering of flavors, the use of luxury spices, and the prominence of lamb and legumes typical of the period's gastronomy. Such dishes were prepared for banquets and festive occasions, highlighting both the abundance and refinement of Islamic Golden Age kitchens.

Culinary Tools when the Recipe was Crafted
Tools and techniques from kitchens of old
Historical culinary tools

In Ibn al-Karim's era, cooking was done over wood or charcoal fires. A heavy clay, brass, or copper pot—often with a rounded base—was set either directly on the embers or on a trivet. Spoons, long-handled ladles, and a mortar and pestle were standard for grinding spices and meat. Rendering fat was done in shallow pans, while eggs might be cracked directly onto the stew toward the end. Steam and gentle simmering were key, with cooks frequently skimming foam from broths.

Modern Kitchen Adaptation
Ingredients and techniques for today's cooks
ounces, cups, Fahrenheit

Prep Time

30 mins

Cook Time

2 hrs

Servings

6

Ingredients

  • 1 lb fatty lamb, cut into small cubes
  • 3.5 oz lamb tail fat (substitute: 3.5 oz clarified butter/ghee)
  • 0.2 oz (1 tsp) salt
  • 0.07 oz (1 tsp) ground dried coriander (substitute for 'ksafra')
  • 4 cups water (enough to cover meat)
  • 2-3 thin sticks cinnamon
  • 1 handful fresh coriander leaves
  • 7 oz fresh fava beans, double-peeled (sub: fresh shelled broad beans)
  • 7 oz lean lamb, finely minced or ground (for meatballs)
  • 0.07 oz (1 tsp) ground cumin
  • 0.07 oz (1 tsp) ground black pepper
  • 0.07 oz (1 tsp) ground ginger
  • 0.02 oz (scant 1/4 tsp) ground mastic (sub: omit if unavailable)
  • 4-6 eggs
  • 0.04 oz (1/2 tsp) ground cinnamon
  • 2 tsp (0.34 fl oz) rosewater

Instructions

  1. Start by taking about 1 lb of fatty lamb and cut it into small cubes.
  2. Render about 3.5 oz of lamb tail fat (or use clarified butter/ghee if unavailable), discarding the solids.
  3. Sauté the lamb pieces in the fat until they take on a light pink color.
  4. Add 0.2 oz (about 1 teaspoon) salt and 0.07 oz (about 1 teaspoon) ground dried coriander.
  5. Sweat the meat until it is just blushing.
  6. Then pour in enough water to cover the meat completely (about 4 cups).
  7. Add a few thin sticks of cinnamon and a handful of fresh coriander leaves.
  8. Bring to a steady simmer and cook for about an hour, skimming off any foam.
  9. Peel about 7 oz fresh fava beans (removing both outer and inner skins), blanch in boiling water for an hour, then rinse and allow to dry.
  10. Prepare small meatballs using 7 oz lean lamb, finely minced or ground, and form into roughly 1–1.25 inch balls.
  11. Drop them gently into the simmering pot.
  12. After one hour, add the prepared fava beans and stir gently.
  13. Once the beans and meat are tender, season with about 0.07 oz each of ground cumin, black pepper, ginger, and a pinch (0.02 oz) of ground mastic if available.
  14. Stir to blend the spices.
  15. Crack a few eggs (4–6) on top of the stew so they poach on the surface.
  16. Dust with a little extra ground cinnamon, then sprinkle a few teaspoons of rosewater on top.
  17. Clean the sides of the pot with a damp cloth, cover, and let simmer gently for another hour.
  18. Serve warm.

Estimated Calories

550 per serving

Cooking Estimates

You will spend about 30 minutes getting everything ready: chopping, blanching, peeling, and shaping meatballs. Then, the dish will cook on the stove for around 2 hours. Each serving has about 500-600 calories, depending on the amount of fat and size of the eggs. This recipe makes 6 servings.

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