باذنجان محسى
"Stuffed Eggplant"
From the treasured pages of Kitāb al-ṭabīkh
Written by Ibn al-Karīm, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan

باذنجان محسى
"صنعته ان يؤخذ الباذنجان فتقطم اقماعه وورقه ويسلق في ماء وملح سلقةً خفيفةً . ثم يخرج و ينشف من الماء ويقطع قطعاً صغاراً ويذر عليه يسير ملح وشيء من الأفاويه واظفار الطيب . ثم يؤخذ حب رمان جيد فيدق ناعماً ويمرس بخل جيد ويصفى ويرمى بثفله ويجعل ذلك الخل على الباذنجان المذكور ويخلط به . ثم يؤخذ لب جوز ولوز فيدق جريشاً ويجعل معه سمسم مقشوراً ويحمص . ثم يجعل في دست نحاس قليل شيرج فاذا غلى القي عليه اللوز والجوز والسمسم وحرك تحريكةً . ثم يلقى على ذلك الباذنجان مع الشيرج ويحط في بزنية زجاج ويذر على رأسها شيء من اظفار الطيب المسحوقة ناعماً ثم يستعمل بعد ايام ."
English Translation
"Prepare it by taking eggplants, removing the stems and leaves, and boiling them lightly in water and salt. Then take them out, dry them from the water, and cut them into small pieces. Sprinkle a little salt and some spices and ground nutmeg over them. Then take good quality pomegranate seeds, pound them finely, mix them with good vinegar, and strain, discarding the solids. Pour this vinegar over the aforementioned eggplants and mix it in. Next, take walnut and almond kernels, crush them coarsely, and add peeled sesame seeds, then roast them. Put a little sesame oil in a copper pot; when it boils, add the walnuts, almonds, and sesame seeds, and stir once. Then pour this over the eggplants along with the sesame oil and place it in a glass jar. Sprinkle a little finely ground nutmeg on top, then use it after a few days."
Note on the Original Text
The recipe is written in the style of medieval Arabic culinary manuscripts: a direct, stepwise prose that assumes the reader possesses basic cooking knowledge. There are no strict quantities; the tone is conversational yet instructive, sometimes referencing specialized ingredients (like 'اظفار الطيب' or nail spice, typically interpreted as cloves, or perhaps a musk-like spice blend). Spelling and measurements were highly variable in historical manuscripts, with context providing the main guide for interpretation. The recipe expects adaptation based on what is available and the cook’s own expertise—a hallmark of historical food writing.

Title
Kitāb al-ṭabīkh (1200)
You can also click the book image above to peruse the original tome
Writer
Ibn al-Karīm, Muḥammad ibn al-Ḥasan
Era
1200
Publisher
Maṭbaʻat Umm al-Rabīʻayn
Background
Step back into the sumptuous kitchens of the medieval Islamic world with this early collection of culinary wisdom. Savor recipes, tips, and gastronomic secrets that once delighted the palates of princes and poets alike.
Kindly made available by
NYU/ American University of Beirut
This dish, 'badhinjan mahsī', comes from a medieval Arabic cookbook attributed to Ibn al-Karīm, a writer from Mosul in the early 13th century CE. The recipe is an example of the sophistication and resourcefulness of Arab cookery, combining eggplant with nuts, spices, and the tang of pomegranate. Revealing a love of sweet-and-sour ('hamidh wa hulw') flavors and complex textures, recipes like this demonstrate how the medieval Islamic world used local produce and aromatics to create preserved vegetable dishes that could be enjoyed days after preparation. Such creations reflect not only seasonal abundance but also the urban culinary culture of Iraq and the broader Levant.

In the past, cooks would have used a sharp knife or small sickle to trim and chop vegetables, and a large brass or copper cauldron for blanching. The pomegranate would be crushed in a heavy stone or wooden mortar, with a cloth or fine sieve used to strain the juice. To toast the nuts and sesame, a heavy pan (often copper) was placed over a charcoal brazier. For storage, hand-blown glass jars ('bizniyah') were used, both beautiful and practical for pickling and marinating foods.
Prep Time
25 mins
Cook Time
10 mins
Servings
6
Ingredients
- 1 lb (16oz) small eggplants (aubergines)
- Salt, as needed
- 1 teaspoon mixed aromatic spices (for example: cinnamon, allspice, coriander seed)
- 1/2 teaspoon ground cloves (substitute for 'اظفار الطيب'/nakh'l al-tīb)
- Seeds of 1 large pomegranate (about 3.5oz)
- 2-3 tablespoons good-quality vinegar (wine vinegar or apple cider vinegar)
- 1.75oz walnuts
- 1.75oz blanched almonds
- 1oz hulled sesame seeds
- 1 tablespoon sesame oil (shiraj/sheerij; or any neutral oil if unavailable)
Instructions
- Begin by trimming the tops and any leaves from about 1 pound (16oz) of small eggplants (aubergines).
- Blanch them in salted water for 2-3 minutes, just until slightly softened, then remove and drain thouroughly.
- Chop the eggplants into small pieces and salt lightly.
- Sprinkle with a little mixed spice and a pinch of ground cloves (as a substitute for the 'اظفار الطيب', or 'nakh'l al-tīb', a historic fragrant spice comparable to cloves).
- Set aside.
- Take the seeds of 1 large pomegranate, crush them well in a mortar, mix the pulp with 2-3 tablespoons of good-quality vinegar, sieve, and discard the solids.
- Pour this tangy pomegranate-vinegar mixture over the chopped eggplants and mix gently.
- For the nut mixture, coarsely grind 1.75oz walnuts and 1.75oz blanched almonds.
- Add 1oz hulled sesame seeds and toast in a dry pan until fragrant.
- In a copper or heavy-bottomed pan, heat a tablespoon of sesame oil (or a neutral oil, if unavailable), then breifly sauté the nut and seed blend until golden.
- Combine the eggplant-pomegranate mixture with the nut blend and oil, mix thoroughly, and pack into a clean glass jar.
- Sprinkle the top with a little extra ground cloves or your chosen warming spice.
- Seal and allow to rest for several days before serving to let the flavors meld.
Estimated Calories
210 per serving
Cooking Estimates
Most of the preparation time goes into chopping, mixing, and toasting the nuts and seeds. Cooking is minimal – just blanching the eggplants for a few minutes and quickly sautéing the nut mixture. You will need a little extra time if you want to let the finished mixture rest for better flavor, but you can serve it right away if you prefer.
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