Recipe Manuscript

To Make Red Pottage

1673

From the treasured pages of The whole body of cookery dissected

Unknown Author

To Make Red Pottage
Original Recipe • 1673
Original Manuscript(circa Renaissance, 1400 - 1700)
As inscribed by the original author's hand, transcribed with care by Lost Kitchen Scrolls

To Make Red Pottage

"TAke a hanch of Venifon, cut him in five or fix pieces, and place them in the bottom of a Pot or Pan: then do more than cover it with fair water; after it boyls, and is fcummed, add to it a good quantity of whole Pepper, and when it is half enough, put in four whole Onions, Cloves and large Mace, of each a little, fliced Ginger and Nutmeg, three or four faggots of fweet herbs, ( with good ftore of time in the faggots ) let it boyl together untill the Venifon be very tender, and a good part of the Broth confumed: fo done, pour out the Broth from the meat into another Pipkin; keep your Venifon hot in the fame Pot, either by being covered, or adding other hot Broth: then take a couple of great red Beet-roots, being above half boyled before, cut them in fquare pieces, three times fo big as Dice, and put them into your Broth taken from the Venifon; then fet it over the fire again, and let it remain there untill the roots are boyled tender, but not mafht to pieces; only add more in the boyling four Anchovies minced, then difh up your Venifon on fippets of light bread, in order as it was in the hanch: then pour in your Broth, fo much as will almoft fill the difh: then take your roots by themfelves, and tofs them in a little drawn Butter, and lay them all over the Venifon: you may make ufe of boyled Colly-flowers, to garnifh it out further if you pleafe. Let your red Broth be feen round about the difh fides: if the Beet be good it will be red enough: if not, you ought to colour it with Sanders: this is favoury red Pottage, and to be efteemed above the Venifon. I have explained this here for the Broths fake, rather than for the boyled-meats: in that Book I fhall alfo fpeak of more variety of Broths."

Note on the Original Text

The recipe is written in the loose, narrative style typical of early modern English cookery books, which expected cooks to have practical knowledge of technique and ingredient sourcing. Quantities are vague ('good quantity', 'a little'), and instructions assume familiarity with methods such as scumming, slicing, and keeping meat hot. Spelling reflects the conventions of 1673: 'boyl' for 'boil', 'Venifon' for 'venison', and the use of the long 's' (ſ) in place of modern 's'. The recipe prioritizes flavoring and broth development over the presentation of the boiled meat itself, as was often the case in sophisticated dining of the era.

Recipe's Origin
The whole body of cookery dissected - Click to view recipe in book

Title

The whole body of cookery dissected (1673)

You can also click the book image above to peruse the original tome

Writer

Unknown

Era

1673

Publisher

Unknown

Background

A sumptuous exploration of 17th-century English cookery, 'The whole body of cookery dissected' serves up an array of recipes and kitchen wisdom, offering a flavorful journey through the dining tables of Restoration England.

Kindly made available by

Texas Woman's University
Historical Background of the Recipe
Learn about old traditions
Historical kitchen setting

This vibrant dish comes from the heart of seventeenth-century English cookery—a time when the kitchen was the stage for lavish, often theatrical displays. Venison was a high-status meat, signifying both wealth and access to hunting grounds, and elaborate pottages were a centerpiece of fashionable dining tables. Recorded in 1673 in 'The Whole Body of Cookery Dissected,' this recipe illustrates the period’s penchant for rich broths, aromatics from the newly global spice trade, and visually dramatic presentations. The use of red beetroot for color and anchovy for umami is especially striking—a testament to both creativity and a keen sense of flavor balance.

Culinary Tools when the Recipe was Crafted
Tools and techniques from kitchens of old
Historical culinary tools

In the 1670s, this recipe would have been prepared in a large metal or earthenware pot, suspended over an open hearth or set directly onto the coals. Broth would have been strained into a 'pipkin'—a small clay or metal saucepot. Skimming utensils, large knives for butchery, bundles of string for tying herb bouquets, and wooden spoons for stirring would be essential. Serving dishes would have been wide, shallow pewter or ceramic bowls, and bread for sippets would be sliced and toasted in front of the fire on a simple grid or trivet.

Modern Kitchen Adaptation
Ingredients and techniques for today's cooks
ounces, cups, Fahrenheit

Prep Time

30 mins

Cook Time

2 hrs 30 mins

Servings

8

We've done our best to adapt this historical recipe for modern kitchens, but some details may still need refinement. We warmly welcome feedback from fellow cooks and culinary historians — your insights support the entire community!

Ingredients

  • 5.5-6.5 lb haunch of venison (substitute: beef or lamb if venison unavailable)
  • 2 quarts cold water
  • 1 tbsp whole black peppercorns
  • 4 whole onions, peeled
  • 3 whole cloves
  • 1/2 tsp whole mace or mace blades
  • 1 thumb-sized piece (1 oz) fresh ginger, peeled and sliced
  • 1/2 whole nutmeg, grated
  • 1 large bunch fresh thyme (plus parsley, rosemary, bay for bouquet garni)
  • 2 large red beetroots (about 14-18 oz), boiled until just tender
  • 4 anchovy fillets (approx. 0.75 oz), minced
  • 4 tbsp unsalted butter
  • 8-10 slices fresh white bread, lightly toasted or dried (for sippets)
  • Optional: 1 small head cauliflower, in florets, blanched
  • Optional: 1/2 tsp sandalwood powder (for color, if needed)

Instructions

  1. Begin by taking a haunch of venison, approximately 5.5-6.5 lb, and cut it into 5-6 large chunks.
  2. Place these pieces at the bottom of a large cooking pot, and add enough cold water to just cover the meat—about 2 quarts.
  3. Bring to a boil, skimming off any foam that rises.
  4. Once skimmed, add a generous tablespoon of whole black peppercorns.
  5. After the venison has boiled for about 45 minutes, add four whole onions, three whole cloves, half a teaspoon of whole mace, a thumb-sized piece of fresh ginger (peeled and sliced), and half a nutmeg grated.
  6. Tie together a bouquet of fresh herbs—focus on abundant thyme, with parsley, bay, and rosemary for variety—and add it to the pot.
  7. Simmer until the venison is very tender and the liquid is reduced by about a third (another 1-1.5 hours).
  8. Strain the broth into another saucepan and keep the venison warm in the original pot.
  9. Peel and cut two large red beetroot (about 14-18 oz), which have already been boiled until just tender, into cubes larger than game dice.
  10. Add these beet cubes to the strained broth and simmer gently until they are perfectly tender but still hold their shape.
  11. Then, finely mince four anchovy fillets and stir into the broth during the last minutes of boiling.
  12. Arrange the cooked venison pieces neatly atop slices of lightly toasted bread in a wide serving dish.
  13. Pour over the hot, deeply colored broth, filling the dish nearly to the rim.
  14. Quickly toss the beetroot pieces in melted butter and scatter them over the meat.
  15. For an optional garnish, quickly blanched cauliflower florets may be arranged prettily around the edge.
  16. The dish is finished when the rich red broth glimmers around the sides, accentuated by the jewel-like beets.
  17. If the color is not vivid enough, add a pinch of sandalwood powder for a deeper hue.
  18. Serve forth hot.

Estimated Calories

520 per serving

Cooking Estimates

It takes a little time to prepare the meat, herbs, and vegetables, and more time to slowly cook the venison until tender and prepare the broth. Each serving is filling, with lean meat and vegetables, and the calorie count is based on one generous serving out of eight.

As noted above, we have made our best effort to translate and adapt this historical recipe for modern kitchens, taking into account ingredients nowadays, cooking techniques, measurements, and so on. However, historical recipes often contain assumptions that require interpretation.

We'd love for anyone to help improve these adaptations. Community contributions are highly welcome. If you have suggestions, corrections, or cooking tips based on your experience with this recipe, please share them below.

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